Monday 6 October 2014

Mengenali Ragam Bahasa



Ragam bahasa adalah variasi bahasa yang pemakaianya berbeda-beda menurut topik yang dibicarakan menurut hubungan pembicara, kawan bicara, dan orang yang dibicarakan, serta menurut medium pembicaraan. Bahasa mengalami perubahan seiring dengan perubahan masyarakat. Perubahan itu berupa variasi-variasi bahasa yang dipakai sesuai keperluannya. Terbentuknya bahasa oleh kaidah aturan serta pola yang tidak boleh dilanggar agar tidak menyebabkan gangguan pada komunikasi yang terjadi.  

Ragam bahasa di Indonesia sangat banyak, biasanya berbeda daerah maka berbeda pula bahasa yang digunakan. Ragam bahasa juga penting untuk diperhatikan, komunikasi bisa dimengerti dan dipahami jika mempunya ragam bahasa yang sama.


Adapun faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya keragaman bahasa, diantaranya :
o   Faktor Budaya atau letak Geografis
o   Faktor Ilmu pengetahuan
o   Faktor Sejarah

Macam-macam Ragam Bahasa :
·         Ragam Baku adalah ragam bahasa yang oleh penuturnya dipandang sebagai ragam yang baik. Ragam ini biasa dipakai dalam kalangan terdidik, karya ilmiah, suasana resmi, atau surat resmi.

·         Ragam Cakapan (ragam akrab) adalah ragam bahasa yang dipakai apabila pembicara menganggap kawan bicara sebagai sesama, lebih muda, lebih rendah statusnya atau apabila topik pembicara bersifat tidak resmi.

·         Ragam Hormat adalah ragam bahasa yang dipakai apabila lawan bicara orang yang dihormati, misalnya orang tua dan atasan.
Ragam Kasar adalah ragam bahasa yang digunakan dalam pemakaian tidak resmi di kalangan orang yang saling mengenal.

·         Ragam Lisan adalah ragam bahasa yang diungkapkan melalui media lisan, terkait oleh ruang dan waktu sehingga situasi pengungkapan dapat membantu pemahaman. Bahasa lisan lebih ekspresif di mana mimik, intonasi, dan gerakan tubuh dapat bercampur menjadi satu untuk mendukung komunikasi yang dilakukan. Ragam lisan dapat kita temui, misalnya pada saat orang berpidato atau memberi sambutan, dalam situasi perkuliahan, ceramah, dan ragam lisan yang non standar, misalnya dalam percakapan antar teman, di pasar, atau dalam kesempatan non formal lainnya.

·         Ragam Resmi adalah ragam bahasa yang dipakai dalam suasana resmi.

·         Ragam Tulis adalah ragam bahasa yang digunakan melalui media tulis, tidak terkait ruang dan waktu sehingga diperlukan kelengkapan struktur sampai pada sasaran secara visual. Ragam tulis pun dapat berupa ragam tulis yang standar maupun non standar. Ragam tulis yang standar kita temui dalam buku-buku pelajaran, teks, majalah, surat kabar, poster, iklan. Kita juga dapat menemukan ragam tulis non standar dalam majalah remaja, iklan, atau poster.
Ragam Bahasa pada bidang tertentu seperti bahasa istilah hukum, bahasa sains, bahasa jurnalistik, dsb.

Ciri lain ragam tulis :

1.     Santun
2.     Efektif
3.     Ejaan digunakan sesuai dengan pedoman
4.     Penggunaan kosa kata pada dasarnya sudah dibakukan


·         Ragam Bahasa Perorangan atau Idiolek seperti gaya bahasa mantan presiden Soeharto, gaya bahasa Benyamin S, dan lain sebagainya.
Ragam Bahasa pada kelompok anggota masyarakat suatu wilayah atau dialek seperti dialek bahasa Madura, Medan, Sunda, Bali, Jawa, dan lain sebagainya.
Ragam Bahasa pada kelompok anggota masyarakat suatu golongan sosial seperti ragam bahasa orang akademisi beda dengan ragam bahasa orang-orang jalanan.


 
   Ragam Bahasa Ilmiah adalah  artikel  yang  memiliki  nilai  atau  memenuhi  kaidah  (syarat) keilmuan.  Artinya  artikel  ilmiah  menggunakan  metode  ilmiah  dalam  membahas permasalahan, menyajikan  kajian  dengan  ragam  bahasa  dan  tata  tulis  ilmiah,  dan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip keilmuan pada umumnya seperti objektif, logis, empiris, sistematis.  Sementara  itu,  menurut  Kamus  Besar  Bahasa  Indonesia  (KBBI)  dapat diartikan  sebagai  karya  tulis  lengkap.  Misalnya  laporan  berita  atau  essai  dalam majalah atau surat kabar.  Artikel  imiah  juga dapat diartikan sebagai hasil berpikir  ilmiah yang didasarkan pada rencana  yang  relatif matang  karena  akan memudahkan  penulis  untuk mewujudkan teks artikel.

   Ragam Bahasa Semi Ilmiah adalah karangan ilmu pengatahun yang menyajikan fakta umum dan menurut metodologi penulisan yang baik dan benar, ditulis dengan bahasa konkret, gaya bahasanya formal, kata-katanya tekhnis dan didukung dengan fakta umum yang dapat dibuktikan benar atau tidaknya atau sebuah penulisan yang menyajikan fakta dan fiksi dalam satu tulisan dan penulisannya pun tidak semi formal tetapi tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti metode ilmiah yang sintesis-analitis karena sering dimasukkan karangan non ilmiah. Maksud dari karangan non ilmiah tersebut ialah karena jenis semi ilmiah masih banyak digunakan misal dalam komik, anekdot, dongeng, hikayat, novel, roman dan cerpen. Karakteristiknya adalah berada diantara ilmiah. Bentuk karangan semi ilmiah yaitu artikel, editorial, opini, tips, reportase dan resensi buku. Resensi buku adalah bentuk konbinasi antara uraian, ringkasan dan kritik objektif terhadap sebuah buku. Klasifikasi pembuatan resensi buku ilmiah yaitu ringkasan, deskripsi, kritik, apresiasi, dan praduga.

 

    Ragam Bahasa Non Ilmiah (Fiksi) adalah karangan ilmu pengetahuan yang menyajikan fakta pribadi dan ditulis menurut metodologi penulisan yang baik dan benar. Satu ciri yang pasti ada dalam tulisan fiksi adalah isinya yang berupa kisah rekaan. Kisah rekaan itu dalam praktik penulisannya juga tidak boleh dibuat sembarangan, unsur-unsur seperti penokohan, plot, konflik, klimaks, setting dan lainnya. Bentuk karangan non ilmiah adalah dongeng, cerpen, novel, roman, anekdot, hikayat, cerber, puisi dan naskah drama.







DAFTAR PUSTAKA



29 comments:

  1. A QuickBooks payroll service is a web page you are able to activate by firmly taking the subscription allow it to be easy for the top top features of Payroll in your QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number

    ReplyDelete
  2. We're going to assure you because of the error-free service. QuickBooks Enterprise Support is internationally recognized. You need to come to used to grasp this help.

    ReplyDelete
  3. QuickBooks Premier is very simple to utilize but errors may usually pop up at the time of installation, at the time of taking backup, while upgrading your software to your latest version etc. The support team at QuickBooks Support Number is trained by well experienced experts that are making our customer service executives quite robust and resilient. It really works twenty-four hours every single day with just one part of mind for instance. to fix the issues faced by our customers in less time without compromising aided by the quality of services.

    ReplyDelete
  4. QuickBooks Phone advisors are certified Pro-advisors’ and has forte in furnishing any kind of technical issues for QuickBooks. These are typically expert and certified technicians of the domains like QuickBooks accounting,QuickBooks Tech Support Number, Point of Sales, QuickBooks Merchant Services and Inventory issues to provide 24/7 service to the esteemed customers.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Now you can get a sum of benefits with QuickBook Support Proper analyses are done first. The experts find out of the nature associated with trouble. You will definately get a complete knowledge as well. The support specialist will identify the problem.

    ReplyDelete
  6. The software has transformed and helped small & medium sized companies in many ways and managed their business successfully. The smart accounting software is richly featured with productive functionalities that save time and accuracy of the work. As it is accounting software, from time to time you may have a query and will seek assistance. This is the reason why QuickBooks has opened toll free QuickBooks Support Phone Number.

    ReplyDelete
  7. QuickBooks Enterprise offers useful features which makes it more reliable along with efficient. You can easily run your online business smoothly with great ease and flexibility utilizing this specialized accounting software. This is the way it can save you your valued time & money using intuit enterprise support. If you're a QuickBooks user and facing any issue regarding this software then turn to the QuickBooks Enterprise Support Number USA.

    ReplyDelete
  8. QuickBooks 24/7 Payroll Support Phone Number USA functions in the QuickBooks program, so that you would never have to enter the information twice. Moreover, you can avail specialist help by connecting yourself using the QuickBooks Payroll Support Team. They have been always designed for your assistance regarding anything within the software.

    ReplyDelete
  9. QuickBooks Desktop Payroll Support Phone Number
    helps one to resolve all your valuable technical and functional problems whilst looking after this well known extensive, premium and end-to-end business accounting and payroll management software. Our experts team at QuickBooks payroll support number is going to make you understand its advanced functions and assists someone to lift up your business growth.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Sometimes errors could also happen as a result of some small mistakes. Those are decimals, comma, backspace, etc. have you been proceed through to handle QuickBooks Support Phone Number? If you don't, we have been here which can help you.

    ReplyDelete
  11. QuickBooks Support Number is software that fulfils the requirement for accuracy, correctness, etc. in Payroll calculation. Our team at QuickBooks Payroll Support Phone Number makes certain to combat the errors that hinder the performance of this software.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Payroll updates can be found to the users who have subscribed to QuickBooks Payroll Tech Support Number advanced & enhanced subscriptions. An individual having payroll subscription are facilitated with trending and lots of accurate calculations of tax tables, forms, e-file & pay options, etc.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Our QuickBooks Enterprise Support Number might have no difficulty in delivering the proper guidance which help with any issues and errors that users may have with QuickBooks Enterprise Support Number version.

    ReplyDelete
  14. Get on the spot support for QuickBooks for rectifying the technical glitches:
    Give a call at QuickBooks Support Phone Number, if you are encountering any difficulties which are mentioned above.

    ReplyDelete
  15. it’s commonplace to face any errors in your QuickBooks Support if you should be doing not stick to the syntax, if the code isn’t put in properly or if you’re having any corruption inside the information of one's QuickBooks.

    ReplyDelete
  16. suitable and effective QuickBooks help is necessary by either you or your QuickBooks online accountant for the best out of this software. Make contact with our independent AccountWizy QuickBooks Support Phone Number customer care to get the best advice from our United States based Certified ProAdvisors to be able to fix business or accounting queries as well as Quickbooks Errors quickly.

    ReplyDelete
  17. The procedure is quite simple to make contact with them. First, you must check in to your organization. There is a help button towards the top right corner. You can click and have any question about QuickBooks Support Number You can even contact our US customer support team using QuickBooks help number.

    ReplyDelete
  18. Our hard-working QuickBooks Tech Support Number team that contributes in the over all functioning of the business by fixing the errors which will pop up in QuickBooks Payroll saves you against stepping into any issue further.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Obtain the exclusive QuickBooks Support Phone Number at QuickBooks Technical Support Number. We are referred to as one of the leading support providers for QuickBooks. Worried about our services? Unable to hire a dependable QuickBooks help?

    ReplyDelete
  20. It can benefit for QuickBooks Enterprise Customer Service to acquire technical help & support for QuickBooks. In September 2015, Intuit introduced QuickBooks 2016 that covers several enhancements to your existing ones and new types such as batch transaction, bill tracking, continuous feed label printer support, and batch delete/void transactions etc.

    ReplyDelete
  21. QuickBooks Error 6000-301 encounters while trying to use a desktop company file. This may be either resolved by fixing manually with guidance received from QuickBooks experts or availing contact support from the specialist.

    ReplyDelete
  22. Although Intuit has pops up many accounting software like Quicken , Intuit Tax Online Accountant, QuickBooks Support Phone Number, Mint,TaxCaster by TurboTax,MyTaxRefund by TurboTax,TurboTax SnapTax,Online Payroll, QuickBooks Online but the users of Quickbooks are more than many other products .

    ReplyDelete
  23. And one such feature which makes it absolute distinctive is QuickBooks Payroll, and to support it, QuickBooks Payroll Technical Support Number play an important role.

    ReplyDelete
  24. If you are aa QuickBooks Support Phone Number user, you'll be able to reach us out immediately at our QuickBooks Support contact number . QuickBooks technical help is present at our QuickBooks tech support number dial this and gets your solution

    ReplyDelete
  25. Our hard-working QuickBooks Support team that contributes into the over all functioning of your business by fixing the errors which will pop up in QuickBooks Payroll saves you against stepping into any problem further.

    ReplyDelete
  26. It is possible to directly report the problem should you feel the need. If you would like to take a go at fixing it yourself, you are able to continue reading this web site. If you would like to learn How To Troubleshoot Quickbooks Error 9999, you can continue reading this blog.

    ReplyDelete
  27. A good blog always comes-up with new and exciting information and while reading I have feel that this blog is really have all those quality that qualify a blog to be a one. good wor keep it up
    Ai & Artificial Intelligence Course in Chennai
    PHP Training in Chennai
    Ethical Hacking Course in Chennai Blue Prism Training in Chennai
    UiPath Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete